Louisiana personal injury statute of limitations

What is a personal injury claim, and what is the Louisiana deadline?

A personal injury claim seeks compensation when someone else's negligence or wrongful conduct physically harms you, car crashes, slip-and-falls, dog bites, defective premises, or assault. It is the most common civil deadline people search for because the injured person often does not realise a clock is already running from the day of the accident.

The general limitation period in Louisiana for this kind of claim is 1 year. Louisiana uses prescriptive periods; personal injury liberative prescription is one year (extended to two years effective July 2024 for certain delicts). Miss it and a Louisiana court will almost certainly dismiss the case on a motion, regardless of how strong the underlying facts are, which is why the date matters as much as the merits.

When does the clock start in Louisiana?

The clock almost always starts on the date of the accident or injury. In a minority of cases the discovery rule delays the start until you knew, or reasonably should have known, that you were hurt and that someone else caused it, common with injuries that surface weeks later, like a back or head injury that seems minor at the scene.

For a concrete example: You are rear-ended at a red light and feel fine, but a herniated disc is diagnosed three weeks later. The limitations clock generally runs from the crash date, not the diagnosis, unless the discovery rule applies. The calculator above applies the 1 year Louisiana window to your incident date, but the genuine accrual date can differ from the day the harm occurred, so treat the result as a planning estimate rather than a guarantee.

Exceptions that can change the Louisiana deadline

The period can be paused (tolled) while the injured person is a minor or legally incapacitated, while the defendant is out of the state, or under the discovery rule. Claims against a government entity are different: many require a formal notice of claim within 60 to 180 days, long before the general deadline, and missing that notice bars the suit entirely.

Because each of these doctrines can move the deadline in either direction, two people with the same personal injury facts can end up with very different real deadlines. A short consultation early on is the only reliable way to know which exceptions apply to you in Louisiana.

How Louisiana compares to other states

Louisiana’s 1 year window for personal injury is shorter than the national median of 2 years across all 51 jurisdictions we track. Ranked from the most time to the least, Louisiana sits at number 50 of 51 for this claim, among the shorter, defendant-friendly windows. For comparison, Maine gives the most time (6 years) and Tennessee the least (1 year). Limitation periods are tied to where the claim arose, not where you live, so if your personal injury facts touch more than one state, confirm which state’s law actually governs before you rely on the Louisiana number.

What to do before the Louisiana deadline runs

Once the statute of limitations expires, the court will dismiss the case no matter how strong it is, so insurers have no reason to settle a time-barred claim. Calculate your deadline early, preserve photos, medical records, and witness contacts, and speak to an attorney well before the date, building a case takes months.